A-SMGCS

advanced surface movement guidance and control system

AARC

aircraft airworthiness review certificate

ACNS

airborne communications, navigation and surveillance

airworthiness directive; aerodrome (ICAO)

ADTS-B

advanced driver training simulator BMP-3

ADTS-L

advanced driver training simulator leclerc

AIRAC

aeronautical information regulation and control

APAPI

abbreviated precision approach path indicator

ARA

authority requirements (in the aircrew Regulation)

ARO

authority requirements (in the air operations Regulation)

AT-VASIS

abbreviated T - visual approach slope indicator system

AWOSG

All Weather Operations Steering Group (JAA)

BR

Basic Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 (OJ L 212, 22.8.2018, p. 1))

CAEP

Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection

CAMO

continuing airworthiness management organisation

CAT

commercial air transport; clear-air turbulence

CERT-EU

Computer Emergency Response Team of the EU Institutions

CIE

International Commission on Illumination (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage)

CNS

communications, navigation and surveillance

COM

commercial other than CAT communications

CPDLC

controller-pilot data link communications

CS-22

Certification Specifications for Sailplanes and Powered Sailplanes

CS-23

Certification Specifications for Normal, Utility, Aerobatic and Commuter Aeroplanes

CS-25

Certification Specifications and Acceptable Means of Compliance for Large Aeroplanes

CS-26

Additional Airworthiness Specifications for Operations

CS-27

Certification Specifications and Acceptable Means of Compliance for Small Rotorcraft

CS-29

Certification Specifications and Acceptable Means of Compliance for Large Rotorcraft

CS-31GB

Certification Specifications and Acceptable Means of Compliance for Free Gas Balloons

CS-31HB

Certification Specifications and Acceptable Means of Compliance for Hot Air Balloons

CS-31TGB

Certification Specifications and Acceptable Means of Compliance for Tethered Gas Balloons

CS-34

Certification Specifications, Acceptable Means of Compliance and Guidance Material for Aircraft Engine Emissions and Fuel Venting

CS-36

Certification Specifications, Acceptable Means of Compliance and Guidance Material for Aircraft Noise

CS-ACNS

Certification Specifications and Acceptable Means of Compliance for Airborne Communications, Navigation and Surveillance

CS-ADR-DSN

Certification Specifications and Guidance Material for Aerodromes Design

CS-APU

Certification Specifications, including Airworthiness Codes and Acceptable Means of Compliance, for Auxiliary Power Units

CS-AWO

Certification Specifications, including Airworthiness Codes and Acceptable Means of Compliance, for All Weather Operations

CS-CCD

Certification Specifications and Guidance Material for Cabin Crew Data

CS-Definitions

Definitions and abbreviations used in the Certification, Specifications for Products, Parts and Appliances

CS-E

Certification Specifications and Acceptable Means of Compliance for Engines

CS-ETSO

Certification Specifications for European Technical Standard Orders

CS-FCD

Certification Specifications for Operational Suitability Data (OSD). Flight Crew Data

CS-FSTD(A)

Certification Specifications for Aeroplane Flight Simulation Training Devices

CS-FSTD(H)

Certification Specifications for Helicopter Flight Simulation Training Devices

CS-FTL.1

Certification Specifications and Guidance Material for Commercial Air Transport by Aeroplane. Scheduled and Charter Operations

CS-FTL.2

Certification Specifications and Guidance Material for Commercial Air Transport by Aeroplane. Air Taxi Operations and Aeroplane Emergency Medical Service (AEMS) Operations

CS-FTL.3

Certification Specifications and Guidance Material for Commercial Air Transport by Helicopter. Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) Operations

CS-GEN-MMEL

Certification Specifications and Guidance Material for Generic Master Minimum Equipment List

CS-LSA

Certification Specifications and Acceptable Means of Compliance for Light Sport Aeroplanes

CS-MMEL

Certification Specifications and Guidance Material for Master Minimum Equipment List

CS-P

Certification Specifications for Propellers

CS-SIMD

Certification Specifications and Guidance Material for Simulator Data

CS-STAN

Certification Specifications for Standard Changes and Standard Repairs

CS-VLA

Certification Specifications for Very Light Aeroplanes

CS-VLR

Certification Specifications and Acceptable Means of Compliance for Very Light Rotorcraft

D-ATIS

data link-automatic terminal information service

DGCA

Directors General Civil Aviation (ICAO); Directorate-General of Civil Aviation

EAFDM

European Authorities Coordination Group on Flight Data Monitoring

EASA Training Credits Definition

The value of the training performed using FSTDs is recognised within the EASA regulation (and more widely, internationally) by the ability to replace or complement actual flight training hours by instruction hours on flight training devices. The amount of training hours that may be performed on the FSTD towards the minimum hours required for the issue of a licence, rating or certificate is known as ?Training Credit?.

EASP

European Aviation Safety Programme

EASp

European Aviation Safety Plan

EBT

evidence-based training

EC

European Community

ECAC

European Civil Aviation Conference

ECAST

European Commercial Aviation Safety Team

ECCSA

European Centre for Cybersecurity in Aviation

ECofA

export certificate of airworthiness

ECQB

European Central Question Bank

ED

Executive Director

EDD

Executive Director Decision

EEA

European Environment Agency

EEC

European Economic Community

EFTA

European Free Trade Association

EGAST

European General Aviation Safety Team

EGNOS

European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service

EHEST

European Helicopter Safety Team

EHSIT

European Helicopter Safety Implementation Team

ELOS

equivalent level of safety

ELT

emergency locator transmitter

EMAS

engineered material arresting system

EMK

emergency medical kit

END

EU Environmental Noise Directive 2002/49/EC (OJ L 189, 18.7.2002, p. 12)

EOFDM

European Operators Flight Data Monitoring forum

EP

European Parliament

EPAS

European Plan for Aviation Safety (former ?EASp?)

ER

essential requirement

ESPN-R

European Safety Promotion Network Rotorcraft

ESSI

European Strategic Safety Initiative

ETOPS

extended range operation; extended twin-engine operation; extended range operation by twin-engined aeroplane

ETS

EU emissions trading system

ETSO(A)

European Technical Standard Order (authorisation)

EU

European Union

EU-OPS

It stands for Regulation (EC) No 859/2008 of 20 August 2008 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 3922/91 as regards common technical requirements and administrative procedures applicable to commercial transportation by aeroplane. It represents the basis of commercial air transport (CAT) operations with aeroplanes, on which the CAT operations requirements for aeroplanes in the current Commission Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 on air operations were built.

EVP

executive vice president

EVS

enhanced vision system

FAA

Federal Aviation Administration (USA)

FAB(s)

functional airspace block(s)

FAK

first aid kit

FAT

factory acceptance test

FC

flight crew

FCD

flight crew data

FCL

flight crew licensing

FCM

flight crew member

FDM

flight data monitoring

FDP

flight duty period

FDR

flight data recorder

FE

flight examiner

FFS

Full-Flight Simulator Highest level of technical complexity and training capability in the EASA and FAA regulations. In addition to the FTD definition, the FFS provides a vibration and cabin motion capability. The qualification levels range from A to D, although some lower levels are rarely used (level A in particular). The higher qualification levels bring a very comprehensive training capability to checking and testing. OPC: Operator Proficiency Check PC: for Proficiency Check LC: for Line Check.

FI

flight instructor

FIC

flight information centre

FIE

flight instructor examiner

FIR

flight information region

FIS

flight information service

FL

flight level

FMEA

failure modes and effects analysis

FNPT

Flight and Navigation Procedures Trainer: First qualification level defined in the EASA regulation. This generic system is a very cost effective solution and a different training syllabus may be used for ab-initio, Multi Crew Cooperation (MCC) and procedural navigation training towards the instrument rating. This may be also a very efficient tool to demonstrate safety procedures and good practises such as the ones Training Leaflet1. The qualification level ranges from highlighted in the HE1 I (without visual and motion system) to II and III (with visual reference system).

FOD

foreign object damage/debris

FRMS

fatigue risk management system

FS

flight standards

FSTD Qualification Levels, defined in the CS-FSTD (H)

1. FNPT I, II, III (Flight and Navigational Procedures Trainer) 2. FTD 1, 2, 3 (Flight Training Device) 3. FFS A, B, C, D (Full-Flight Simulator)

FSTD Types Overview

The different types of helicopter flight simulation training devices are defined in the EASA CS-FSTD (H) (Certification Specification for Flight Simulation Training Device). The definitions encompassed in this specification include the technical minimum requirements/standards for each level of qualification (or type) and the acceptable means of compliance to demonstrate compliance with the defined standards. Note: For the same type name, the definition included in the EASA regulation may differ from that included in the FAA regulation, because currently these two regulation standards are not fully harmonised.

FTD

Flight Training Device In addition to the FNPT definition, this FSTD features helicopter type specific simulation models, which bring the capability to perform type rating training. This type of FSTD has a limited checking/testing capability due to the fact that it does not include a motion system or a vibration system. The main technical features and training capabilities are presented in Figure 2. There are three levels of FTD qualification (1, 2, and 3); however, there are limited training credits available for level 1 FTDs. The main application of the FTD (level 2 and 3) is type rating training. An FTD 2/3 can also be used for Instrument Rating (IR) revalidation (Part FCL.625 H IR). Note: Although FTD 3 features higher quality flight model fidelity, it does not bring any additional training credits as compared with FTD 2.

FTE

full-time equivalent

FTI

flight test instructor

FTL

flight time limitations

FTL.1

commercial air transport by aeroplane - scheduled and charter operations

FTS

flight time specifications

GA

general aviation

GLONASS

GLObal NAvigation Satellite System

GM

guidance material

GMP

general medical practitioner

GNSS

global navigation satellite system

GPWS

ground proximity warning system

H

helicopter

HAPI

helicopter approach path indicator

HAZOP

hazard and operability

HB

hot-air balloon

HC

hydrocarbons

HEFA

hydroprocessed esters and fatty acid

HELO

helicopter external load operation

HEMS

helicopter emergency medical services

HHO

helicopter hoist operations

HIGE

hover in ground effect

HOGE

hover out of ground effect

HSST

Helicopter Sub-Sectorial Team (JAA)

HUDLS

head-up display landing system

HV

height velocity

HVO

hydrotreated vegetable oil

IA

impact assessment

IAS

indicated airspeed

IATA

International Air Transport Association

IAW

initial airworthiness

IBIS

ICAO bird strike information system

ICA

instructions for continued airworthiness

ICAO

International Civil Aviation Organization

ICAO SARPs

ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices

IED

improvised explosive device

IFALPA

International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations

IFR

instrument flight rules

IHST

International Helicopter Safety Team

ILS

instrument landing system

IMC

instrument meteorological conditions

INS

inertial navigation system

IORS

Internal Occurrence Reporting System

IPR

intellectual property rights

IR

implementing regulation; implementing rule

IRE

instrument rating examiner

IRI

instrument rating inspector

ISA

International Standard Atmosphere

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

item

content

JAA

Joint Aviation Authorities

JAR

Joint Aviation Requirement

KPI

key performance indicator

LAPL

light aircraft pilot licence

LCFZ

laser-beam critical flight zone

LDA

landing distance available

LDAH

landing distance available (helicopter)

Lden/Lnight

day-evening-night/night-time average sound level

LFFZ

laser-beam free flight zone

LIC

licensing

LO

learning objective

LoA

letter of agreement

LOCI

loss of control in flight

LOFT

line-oriented flight training

LoI

level of involvement

LPL

leisure pilot licence

LRI

Line Replaceable Item

LRST

local runway safety team

LSA

light sport aeroplane

LSFZ

laser-beam sensitive flight zone

LTO

landing and take-off

LVO

low-visibility operations

LVP

low-visibility procedures

MAB

Member States Advisory Body

MB

Management Board

MC

medical certificate

MCCI

multi-crew cooperation instructor

MCF

maintenance check flight

MDA

minimum decision altitude

MDA/H

minimum descent altitude/height

MDH

minimum decision height

MDM

multi-disciplinary measure

MED

medical

MEL

minimum equipment list

MET

meteorological

MLRs

manuals, logs and records

MLS

microwave landing system

MMEL

master minimum equipment list

MNPS

minimum navigation performance specification

MOA

maintenance organisation approval

MoM

minutes of meeting

MPE

maximum permissible exposure

MPL

multi-crew pilot licence

MPSC

maximum passenger seating configuration

MRB

Maintenance Review Board

MRI

mountain rating instructor

MS(s)

Member State(s)

MTO

maintenance training organisation

Mtoe

million tonnes of oil equivalent

MTOM

maximum take-off mass

MTOW

maximum take-off weight

N-CMPA

non-complex motor-powered aircraft

NAA

national aviation authority

NAVAID

navigation aid

NCC

non-commercial air operations with complex motor-powered aircraft

NCO

non-commercial air operations with other than complex, motor- powered aircraft

NextGen

Next Generation Air Transportation System (FAA)

NOTAM(s)

notice(s) to airmen

NOX

nitrogen oxides

NPA

notice of proposed amendments

NSA

national supervisory authority

NVIS

night-vision imaging system

OCA/H

obstacle clearance altitude/height

OEM

Original Equipment Manufacturer

OFZ

obstacle-free zone

OHMP

occupational health medical practitioner

OJ

Official Journal of the European Union

OLS

obstacle limitation surfaces

OM

operations manual

OPC

operator proficiency check

OPS

operations

OPSG

Operational Procedures Steering Group (JAA)

OR

organisation requirements

ORA

organisation requirements (in the aircrew Regulation)

ORO

organisation requirements (in the air operations Regulation)

OSAT

on-site acceptance test

OSC

operational suitability certificate

OSD

operational suitability data

P

propeller

PANEP

Pan-European Partners; Pan-European Partner Countries

PANS

procedures for air navigation services

PANS-OPS

Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Aircraft Operations (ICAO)

PAPI

precision approach path indicator

PBN

performance-based navigation

PBR

performance-based regulation

PC

performance class

PCM

project certification manager

PCN

pavement classification number

PDR

Preliminary Design Review

PFI/E

Purchaser Furnished Item/ Equipment

PIC

pilot-in-command

PL

pilot licence

PM

particulate matter; project manager

POA

production organisation approval

PPB

principal place of business

PPL

private pilot licence

PPO

principal place of operation

PRB

performance review board

QE

qualified entity

R/T

radiotelephony

RAG

Rulemaking Advisory Group

RESA

runway-end safety area

RETILS

rapid exit taxiway indicator lights

RFFS

rescue and firefighting services

RFP

Request for Proposal

RFQ

Request for Quotation

RG

review group

RI

rectification interval

RIA

regulatory impact assessment

RIE

rectification interval extension

RM

rulemaking

RMG

rulemaking group

RNAV

area navigation

RNP

required navigation performance

RO

regulations officer

rpm

revolutions per minute

RSC

Rotorcraft Sectorial Committee

RST

Reiser Simulation and Training GmbH

RTC

restricted type certificate

RTF

radiotelephony

RVR

runway visual range

RVSM

reduced vertical separation minima

RWY

runway

SAB

Stakeholders Advisory Body

SACA

safety assessment of community aircraft

SAFA

safety assessment of foreign aircraft

SE-IMC

single engine - instrument meteorological conditions

SEC

security

SERA

Standardised European Rules of the Air

SES

single European sky

SESAR

single European sky ATM research

SFE

synthetic flight examiner

SFI

synthetic flight instructor

SFL

safe forced landing

SIB

safety information bulletin

SIC

safety information communication

SIMD

simulator data

SKPI

safety key performance indicator

SMGCS

surface movement guidance and control system

SMM

safety management manual

SMS

safety management system

SNP

specified navigation performance

SOP

standard operating procedure

SOW

statement of work

SP

safety promotion; safety publication

SPA

specific approval

SPL

sailplane pilot licence

SPN

Safety Promotion Network; specific performance-based navigation

SPO

specialised operations

SSP

State safety programme; State safety plan

SSR

secondary surveillance radar

STAN

standard changes and standard repairs

STC

supplemental type certificate

STD

synthetic training device

STeBs

Stakeholders Technical Bodies

STI

synthetic training instructor

SWIFT

structured what-if technique

SWY

stopway

TAA

technical assistance agreement

TAG

Thematic Advisory Group

TAWS

terrain awareness warning system

TC

type certificate

TCCA

Transport Canada Civil Aviation

TCO

third-country operator

TDZ

touchdown zone

TeBs

Member States Technical Bodies

TEM

threat and error management

TGB

tethered gas balloon

TGL

Temporary Guidance Leaflet (JAA)

TI

Technical Instructions (ICAO)

TK

theoretical knowledge

TOA

training organisation approval

TOCS

take-off climb surface

TODA

take-off distance available

ToR

terms of reference

TORA

take-off run available

TRA

training

TRE

type rating examiner

TRI

type rating inspector; type rating instructor

TRR

test readiness review

TSO

Technical Standard Order

UA

unmanned aircraft

UAS

unmanned aircraft system

UAV

unmanned aerial vehicle

UG

user guide

UPRT

upset prevention and recovery training

US

United States

VFR

visual flight rules

VLA

very light aeroplane

VLJ

very light jet

VLR

very light rotorcraft

VOLMET

meteorological information for aircraft in flight

VOR

very high frequency omnidirectional range

WA

working arrangement

WG

working group

WGS

world geodetic system

WHO

World Health Organization

WI

work instructions

WIP

work in progress

WOCL

window of circadian low

WP

working paper

ZFTT

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Lexicon

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